Hafnium yog ib tug lustrous, nyiaj, ductile hlau feem ntau zoo ib yam li zirconium. Zoo corrosion kuj thiab muaj zog. Nws resists corrosion vim muaj ib tawv tawv, impenetrable oxide zaj duab xis rau nws qhov chaw. Cov hlau yog unaffected los alkalis thiab acids, tsuas yog hydrofluoric acid. Hafnium yog nyuaj rau cais tsim zirconium, vim hais tias ob lub ntsiab muaj atoms uas yog ib qho loj. Hafnium thiab nws cov alloys siv rau tswj nuclear reactors nuclear thiab nuclear submarines vim hafnium yog excellent ntawm absorbing neutrons thiab nws muaj ib tug melting taw tes heev thiab yog corrosions resistant. Nws siv hauv qhov kub thiab txias thiab ceramics, Vim tej cov compounds no refractory heev: Lawv yuav tsis melt tsuas yog nyob rau hauv qhov kev kub tshaj plaws.
Hom phaj nyaj (tsis hnov lus: ib nrab, naj npawb: 72) Yog ib tug Block D, Haiv 4, caij nyoog 6 lub caij uas muaj ib qho atomic yuag 178.49. Cov electrons hauv txhua lub Hafnium plhaub yog 2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2 thiab nws cov electron configuration yog [XE] 4f14 5d2 6s2. Lub hafnium atom muaj ib radius ntawm 159 pm thiab ib Van der Waals radius ntawm 212 pm. Hafnium yog predicted los Dmitri Mendeleev nyob rau hauv 1869 Tiam sis yog tsis mus txog rau thaum 1922 Uas yog xub raug rho tawm Dirk Coster thiab George tsib Hevesy.
Nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv elemental, hafnium muaj ib lustrous silvery-gray zog. Hafnium tsis nyob ua ib lub caij dawb nyob xwm. Nws muaj nyob rau hauv zirconium compounds xws li zircon. Hafnium feem ntau yog ib tug tivthaiv superalloys thiab circuits siv nyob rau hauv semiconductor ntaus fabrication. Nws lub npe yog derived ntawm lo lus Latin Hafnia, Qab hau Copenhagen, Qhov twg nws yog sab. Saum toj no yog rau cov lus qhia xwb. Eagle Alloys yuav tsis nyiam accuracy ntawm cov txheej txheem los yog cov ntaub ntawv. Tas ib sab drawings tej zaum yuav tau forwarded rau ib tog thib peb rau outsourcing.