Żirkonju

About Zirconium Metal (Zr) and Zirconium Alloys

Żirkonju (Zr) is a highly corrosion resistant metal that is us used for many products for specialized chemical environments (primarily acetic and hydrochloric acids). Some include pumps, valvi, applikazzjonijiet nukleari, ipproċessar kimiku, bastimenti tar-reattur, skambjaturi tas-sħana u aktar. The nuclear power industry uses nearly 90% taż-żirkonju prodott kull sena. Zirconium is also used as an alloying agent in steel, to make some types of surgical equipment and as a getter, a material that combines with and removes trace gases form vacuum tubes. Zirconium metal is weldable and formable.

Żirkonju 702 offers excellent corrosion protection with resistance to stress-corrosion cracking and crevice corrosion. It’s often used for chemical processing. Alloyed with 2 għal 3 percent Columbium, żirkonju 705 is significantly stronger and more ductile than zirconium 702 with almost equal corrosion resistance, making it the alloy of choice for most zirconium fasteners. In addition to resisting HCl at all concentrations and at temperatures above the boiling temperature, zirconium and its alloys also have excellent resistance in sulfuric acid at temperatures above boiling and concentrations to 70%. Corrosion rate in nitric acid is less than 1 mil/year at temperatures above boiling and concentrations to 90%. The metals also resist most organics such as acetic acid and acetic anhydride as well as citric, lactic, tartaric, oxalic, tannic, and chlorinated organic acids. Relattivament ftit metalli minbarra ż-żirkonju jistgħu jintużaw fi proċessi kimiċi li jeħtieġu kuntatt alternattiv ma 'aċidi u alkali qawwija. Madankollu, żirkonju m'għandux reżistenza għall-aċidu idrofluworiku u jiġi attakkat malajr, anke f'konċentrazzjonijiet baxxi ħafna. Hemm 4 tipi ta 'żirkonju liga reżistenti għall-korrużjoni fl-industrija kimika: Zr702, Zr704, Zr705 u Zr706, japplikaw għal mezz kimiku u kondizzjoni differenti. Ir-reżistenza għall-korrużjoni ta 'dawn l-erba' liga taż-żirkonju hija kważi l-istess, iżda l-proprjetajiet mekkaniċi tagħhom huma differenti ħafna. Is-saħħa tat-tensjoni ta 'Zr705 hija d-doppju ta' Zr702. Normalment Zr705 jintuża f'tagħmir kimiku li għandu rekwiżiti ogħla għall-intensità. Iżda fl-aċidu sulfuriku li fih FeCl3, Il-proprjetajiet reżistenti għall-korrużjoni ta 'Zr702 u Zr704 huma aħjar minn Zr705 u Zr706. Zr706 għandu saħħa biżżejjed u elongazzjoni għolja u ġeneralment użat biex jagħmel iskambjatur tas-sħana.

Zirconium is also highly resistant to heat and corrosion, and it also forms many useful compounds and alloys. These strengths make it an ideal component for nuclear reactions, and it is also used in laboratory equipment, metallurgy and surgical appliances. Jet engines and gas turbines may also use zirconium and zirconium alloys to prevent metals from warping due to high heat exposure. Żirkonju (simbolu atomiku: Zr, numru atomiku: 40) huwa Blokk D, Grupp 4, Perjodu 5 element b'piż atomiku ta' 91.224. Zirconium Bohr ModelThe number of electrons in each of Zirconium’s shells is 2, 8, 18, 10, 2 and its electron configuration is [Kr] 4d2 5s2. The zirconium atom has a radius of 160 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 186 pm. Zirconium was discovered by Martin Heinrich Klaproth in 1789 and first isolated by Jöns Jakob Berzelius in 1824. In its elemental form, zirconium has a silvery white appearance that is similar to titanium.

Zirconium’s principal mineral is zircon (zirconium silicate). Elemental Zirconium is commercially produced as a byproduct of titanium and tin mining and has many applications as a opacifier and a refractory material. It is not found in nature as a free element. The name of zirconium comes from the mineral zircon, the most important source of zirconium, and from the Persian wordzargun, meaning gold-like.